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  1-Development length Ld It is the minimum length of a reinforcing bar that must be embedded or "developed" in concrete to ensure that the bar can achieve its full strength in tension or compression. 2-Anchorage length La The distance that the reinforcement extends from the point where the bars are no longer required to resist moments 3-Splice length LS The distance require to transfer the force from bar to another one to upload full presentation please download this  https://drive.google.com/file/d/1layyDvTlJOLzo3jfoW4K5O5UEkgoEzgN/view?usp=sharing

 In structure design of concrete structures  Open stirrups is used to resist shear force only. Closed stirrups is used to resist both shear force and torsion. Steel Rebar color chart

In determining if concrete strength, Can Schmidt hammer test be adopted as an alternative to compressive strength test? The Schmidt hammer test is based on the elastic rebound of hammer which presses on concrete surface and it's measure the surface hardness of concrete surface NOT the strength of concrete Concrete compressive strength acceptance Criteria

It's a short cantilever or bracket  which span/ depth >0.6   Minimum Dimensions of concrete structures

This is the minimum thickness of Concrete structures to satisfy Code requirements, if less numbers of this table are used , deflection must be checked. I tem Min thick. Simple   Con. One end Cont. 2 ends Cantilever Notes Beams and Ribbed slab   L/16 L/20 L/18 L/22 L/21 L/26 L/8 L/10 High tensile steel Normal mild steel One Way Solid Slab 8cm static load 12cm dynamic load L/20 L/25 L/24 L/30 L/28 L/35 L/10 L/12 High tensile steel Normal mild steel Tow Way Solid Slab 8cm static load 12cm dynamic load a/35 a/40 a/45   A=short direction Flat slab 150mm   No drop panel With drop panel   ...

What is the Minimum dimensions of concrete structures? Ribbed Slab ts min =5cm or e/10 e max=70cm b.min=10cm or 1/3 t Flat slab column width b.min =30cm, or L/20, or H/15 where L= length of column . and H = height of floor  column head angle max 45 degree Minimum thickness of drop panel ¼ slab thickness   drop panel length x L1/6≤x(L min)/4 Deep Beams  d IF depth/span > 0.8   in Simple beam or >0.4  for continuous beam , the beam is considered deep beam,                                                                    Columns& Walls      Maximum deflection of concrete structures

What is the Minimum and Maximum reinforcement of concrete structures? 

  One Way Slab   Cantilever Slab Other Slab High tensile steel L’/450 L/250 Normal mild steel L’/600 L/350 or 20mm Beams   Loading Case Beams Cantilever All Loading L/250 L’/450 Without Live load L/350 or 20mm L’/600       Walls Horizontal Displacement 1/500  Minimum Dimensions of concrete structures