What is the Minimum and Maximum reinforcement of concrete structures?

FIDIC Constructions 2017- some important clauses

this is some of FIDIC clauses and actions required by contractor and employee Clause no Clause Action by Action 1.9 Delayed drawings Contractor - Give notice to engineer -EOT+ cost+ profit 1.13 Compliance with laws Employer To give all required permits and licenses Contractor For delayed permits : EOT+ cost+ profit 1.6 Contract agreement Employer Within 35 day after letter of acceptance 2.1 Right of access to the site Employer Contractor If delayed EOT+ cost+ profit 2.4 Employers financial arrangement employer Give notice to the contractor when 1-variation >10% or sum of all variations >30% 2- doesn’t receive p...

Differences between development length, anchorage length and splice length

1-Development length Ld It is the minimum length of a reinforcing bar that must be embedded or "developed" in concrete to ensure that the bar can achieve its full strength in tension or compression. 2-Anchorage length La The distance that the reinforcement extends from the point where the bars are no longer required to resist moments 3-Splice length LS The distance require to transfer the force from bar to another one to upload full presentation please download this https://drive.google.com/file/d/1layyDvTlJOLzo3jfoW4K5O5UEkgoEzgN/view?usp=sharing

KEYSTONE RETAINING WALL

Introduction:- Keystone is a mechanical stabilized earth wall MSEW which used to retain soil from one side, it's less cost than concrete walls. Material 1-Keystone Blocks 2-Fiberglass Pins 3-Geo-grids 4- Back-filling Material 5-Concrete pad Different type of Geogrid: TT045 can carry load till 45KN/m. TT060 can carry load till. 60KN/m. TT090 can carry load till 90KN/m. TT120 can carry load till 120KN/m. TT160 can carry load till. 160KN/m. Method Statement 1) Place HDPE Geogrids on top of the compacted soil. HDPE Geogrids are installed from the front on top of the fiber glass pins (which penetrates the grid) and from to back, Geogrids are fixed horizontally using a steel bars. 2) Lay down the precast concrete units on top of a PC foundation at a level that is a Minimum of 5% from the wall height and reach 10% (buried height) to prevent any lateral movement . 3) Put the layers of Geotextile. 4) Backfilling using fine gravel b...

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